• Rounding principles as a tool for estimating answers
• Estimation involving whole numbers and mixed numbers
• For children in grades 4-6
• Blackline masters for written responses (answer keys included)
• Ten separate exercises with about eighteen questions each

Free-response exercises on estimation of sums, differences, products, and quotients involving whole numbers, mixed numbers, and dollars/cents.  Concepts heavily emphasized by National Council of Mathematics and standardized tests, estimation of sums and differences, estimation of products, estimation of quotients by using compatible numbers, estimation of fractions and mixed numbers, cumulative exercises.

Blackline masters are good for whole-group instruction, homework, tutoring sessions, and assessments.  Because they are used to reproduce worksheets for multiple students, they include copyright for a given site.   (However, copyright does not permit sharing among different sites.) Blacklines may be stored in a file or binder and kept in the copy room for teachers to copy for their class as needed.  Teachers usually keep a copy of the answer pages in a separate file or binder in the classroom.

Digital PDFs are the same as shipped blackline masters, but emailed as a downloadable digital PDF file to the purchaser's email address.  Since no paper or shipping costs are incurred on our part, digital PDFs can be offered for a lower price.  Files are downloaded through an immediate separate email from the reputable download service SendOwl. Digital PDFs are copyrighted and allow only limited access. As is the case for shipped blackline masters, masters printed from digital PDFs may be shared among teachers at a single site.

Scope and Sequence Chart (Click here)

The teacher's experience and the sequence of skills in the students' basic math program are the best guides in determining which skills should be introduced first. In general, the scope and sequence chart above can be used as a guide.

A number of sets for younger children are "color coded." Some teachers present all the levels with an exercise set, while others prefer to present all the blue (two-digit) exercises, progress to the pink (three-digit), and culminate with the green (four-digit).

Other skills such as Roman Numerals require no prerequisites other rhan an understanding of place value.  Such exercises can be presented any time.